Social Structure
Medieval villages like Cosmeston were tightly-knit communities governed by the manorial system. The manor lord, in this case the Fleming family, held legal and economic power, overseeing farming, justice, and taxation.
Villagers were mostly peasants or serfs, who worked the land in exchange for protection and rights to cultivate certain plots. Social hierarchy was clear but often flexible, with skilled craftsmen or successful farmers able to gain some wealth or influence.
Economy and Agriculture
Agriculture was the backbone of Cosmeston’s economy. Villagers engaged in:
- Arable farming: Growing cereals such as wheat, rye, barley, and oats.
- Animal husbandry: Keeping cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry.
- Fishing and gathering: Coastal proximity allowed fishing and shellfish gathering.
- Crafts and trade: Some villagers worked as blacksmiths, carpenters, or weavers.
The open field system meant land was divided into strips farmed by villagers but managed communally. Crop rotation and fallow periods helped maintain soil fertility.
Housing and Living Conditions
Homes in Cosmeston were generally timber-framed with wattle and daub walls and thatched roofs. Houses often consisted of a main hall with a hearth, and possibly small adjoining rooms. Floors might be earthen or cobbled.
Life was rustic and labor-intensive. The villagers lived modestly, with diets largely based on bread, vegetables, and occasional meat or fish. Water was drawn from nearby springs or wells, and sanitation was basic.
Religion and Community
The village church was central to social and religious life. Medieval Christianity influenced festivals, moral conduct, and community cohesion. Religious holidays and saints’ days punctuated the calendar with celebrations and communal gatherings. shutdown123